Glass blowing apparatus



Dec. 25, 1951 A. F. TREMBLAY GLASS BLOWING APPARATUS 16 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed 001;. 18, 1945 INVENTOR. Qmz ficewzla z;

ATTORNEYS Dec. 25, 1951 A. F. TREMBLAY GLASS BLOWING APPARATUS l6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Oct. 18, 1945 mQF I N V EN TOR. 221m 4% ATTORNEYS Dec. 25, 1951 A. F. TREMBLAY GLASS BLOWING APPARATUS l6 Sheets-Sheet 6 Filed Oct. 18, 1945 Qzwd fV/hm INVENTOR. (9 @W & W

ATTORNEYS Dec 25, 1951 A. F. TREMBLAY 2,579,628

GLASS BLOWING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 13, 1945 16 Sheets-$heet v IN V EN TOR.

ATTORNEYS 16 Sheets-Sheet s A. F. TREMBLAY GLASS BLOWING APPARATUS IN VEN TOR. dzamgf Z2147? &@

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GLASS BLOWING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 18, 1945 16 Sheets-Sheet 9 IN V EN TOR.

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ATTORNEYS Dec. 25, 1951 A. F. TREMBLAY 2,579,628

GLASS BLOWING APP AEiATUS Filed Oct. 18, 1945 16 Sheets-Sheet 10 INVENTOR. afacj f/Zzm 462 4 'TORNEYS D 1951 A. F. TREMBLAY 7 GLASS BLOWING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 18, 1945 1s sheets-sheet 12 INVENTOR. 197 51 4m flzmfllfa p ATTORNEYS Dec. 25, 1951 A. F. TREMBLAY GLASS BLOWING APPARATUS l6 Sheets-Sheet 13 Filed Oct. 18, 1945 V IN V EN TOR. i 2724K Ow m A TTORNEYS Dec. 2.5, 1951 V TREMBLAY 2,579,628

GLASS BLOWING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 18, 1945 16 Sheets-Sheet 14 IN V EN TOR.

ATTORNEYS A. F. TREMBLAY GLASS BLOWING APPARATUS .Dec. 25, 1951 16 Sheet-s$heet 15 Filed Oct. 1.8, 1945 INVENTOR. emfiz Q ATTORNEYS A. F. TREMBLAY GLASS BLOWING APPARATUS Dec. 25,1951

16 Sheets-Sheet 16 Filed Oct. 18, 1945 INVENTOR. ff/ac z 2cm Maz 259 fiq 56 ATT ORNE'Y3 Patented Dec. 25, 1951 GLASS BLOWING APPARATUS Albert F. Tremblay, Toledo, Ohio, assignor to Kent-Owens Machine Company, Toledo, Ohio,

a corporation of Ohio Application October 18, 1945, Serial No. 623,111

15 Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for blowing glass. More particularly it relates to the type of glass blowing apparatus known as semi-automatic, and to certain steps connected with the blowing of glass by the semi-automatic method.

In the semi-automatic method of blowing glass, a blow iron is inserted by hand into a quantity of molten glass and a gather of glass is formed on the end of the blow pipe. The blow pipe is then placed in an apparatus which automatically marvers the glass gather and blows it to final form.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide apparatus whereby the glass gather can be marvered accurately to the condition required.

Another object of the invention is to provide a readily adjustable apparatus which can marver gathers in many difierent ways so as to prepare them suitably for forming a wide variety of articles.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus of this kind for ready and quick substitution of molds of different shapes and of adjustments of the molds to form different articles.

Another object of the invention is to provide for varying the relation of the mold and the blow pipe to suit varying conditions of the glass.

Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus which is readily adjustable to adjust its successive operations to the varying needs of the production of a wide variety of articles.

Another object of the invention is to provide apparatus in which the successive operations may be separately timed and adjusted without interfering with the other operations in the cycle of forming an article.

Further objects and details of the invention will appear as the description proceeds.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification,

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the apparatus;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation viewed from the right of Fig. 1, parts being omitted;

Fig. 3 is the section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a detail section on the line 44 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is a side elevation viewed from the left of Fig. 1, some parts being omitted;

Fig. '7 is a section on the line 'I-'! of Fig. 6, showing air control for the cooler;

Fig. 8 is an enlarged view of the marvering support, viewed from the left of Fig. 6;

Fig. 9 is an isometric view of a. portion of the marvering support, viewed from an angle between Figure 1 and Figure 6;

Figure 10 is an isometric view of the-portion of the marver-ing support viewed from an angle between Fig. 6 and Fig. 8;

Fig-11 is a section through the marvering support transversely of the axis of the marver and on the line ll--H of Fig. 12;

Fig. 12 is a section through the marvering support along the axis of the marver in the line [2- IZ of Fig. 11;

Fig. 13 is a plan view of the marver supporting plates, the marver itself being removed;

Fig. 14 is a detail of the pivot arrangement of the marvering support on the line M--I4 of Fig. 13;

Fig. 15 is a section of adjusting devices for the marvering support on the line l'5|5 of Fig. 13;

Fig. 16 is a detail showing a scale for indicating the adjustment of the marver support, viewed from the underside of Fig. 15;

Fig. 17 is a detail elevation of a Portion of the apparatus for elevating the marver support;

Fig. 18 is a section on the line 3-48 of Fig. 25, showing puff air assembly;

Fig. 19 is a vertical section through the spindle operating drum on the line I9--l9 of Figure 1;

Fig. 20 is a horizontal section through the spindle operating drum on the line 20-20 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 21 is a section through the spindle socket on the line 2 l-2l of Fig. 19;

Fig. 22 is a vertical section across the axis of the spindle operating drum on the line 2222 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 23 is a section of the drum operating gear on the line 2323 of Fig. 22;

Fig. 24 is a section of the cooling blower on the line 2 l24 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 25 is a plan View of the apparatus with parts removed to show the mold operation;

Fig. 26 is a detail view of one of the operating cylinders;

Fig. 27 is a plan of the mold carrying support;

Fig. 28 is a view of a trip mechanism on the line 28-28 of Fig. 25;

Fig. 29 is a section on the line 29-29 of Fig. 27;

Fig. 30 is a section on the line 3l330 of Fig. 27;

Fig. 31 is a section on the line 3l-3l of Fig. 25, showing the relation of the support for the mold sides and the support for the mold bottom;

Fig. 32 is a sectional view somewhat similar to Fig. 31, but showing additional parts and indicating their operative relationship;

Fig. 33 is a vertical section of the take-out device on the line 3333 of Fig. l;

General {arrangement The machine disclosed in the drawings is mounted on a base which supports a suitable frame 5L The main parts of the apparatus mounted on that frame comprise a drum "52 which carries a blow pipe 53. A marveringndevice 54 is shown in position to.=contact the glass on the end of the blow pipe when the drum is in one position. From that positiontheglass isswung down past a cooler 55 to a mold'bfi. There is also provided a take-out device 57 for removing-the blow pipe from the mold after the article is blown.

Drum and blowpipe vThe drumt-E is mountedina casingtilonthe frame. pSee Figs. 1,2 and .19 to23. 7n the construction shown there areanti-frictionrollers aiI mounted on-axesfi in-thecasing and contacting the peripheryof the-drum to hold it in position. Gear teeth 63 are provided 011 the periphery of the'drum. Mounted in the casing adjacent the peripheryol thedrum there is a shaftfi i on which there is a gear 65 meshing with the teeth ontthe drum. .On the outer-end of shaft-M there is a gear :66 which mesheswith a rack- 5-? carried by;sa slideefi8. .Tlie=siide is connected by-an adjustable connection with the piston rod 'IG which is operated by a piston working in cylinder .II. .A stoplscrew 12 is mounted in the top of slideway 13 in which slide-58 works and limits theupward movement'of the slide and so determines the arc throughwhich the drum is moved.

On the front of the drum thereismounted a bracket -15. In the upper part of the bracket there .is. a ballrace'ltcooperating with a race ll attachedto ahollowsh-aft 3.3, which hasa shoulder i9 directly beneaththe race. A nut 80 on the shaft holds the race againsttheshoulder 19. To the top 'of thebracket there is attached a cover plate .8 provided with a gland 32.1'01' making atight fit wit-h'the upper end of the hollow shaft. A pipe 63 leads into the cover above the shaft. In the bottom of the bracket there is provided a ring at supporting a ball recess which-cooperates with .a race iiiion the lower end of shaft it. A gland 8? is provided upon the lower end of the shaft for making air tight connection with the end of a blow pipe. The lower end of the, hollow shaft H2 is provided with pawls .88 pressed towards pipe supporting position bysprings 83.

An arm isattached to the front of the drum by bolts SI and carries a vertically adjustable pipe On the lowerend of the pipe there is a bracket 93 carrying a holder for the blow pipe shownin detail in Fig.5. This holder comprises fixedrollers 9 and amovable roller as mounted in the end of an arm 556 p-ivotedtothe bracketat 91. There is mounted in the bracket a switch actuating plunger .98 normally pressed against I05 in the drum. On the. rear :end of-shaftwfi there is a grooved pulley Iiil'. Mounted above the drum there is a plate I93 pivoted to the frame at I09. A motor 5 ill mounted on the plate IQB is connected to gearing within a box III and through this gearing drives a grooved pulley H2 (see Figs. 2, 25) connected by a belt H3 to the pulley Gill. A bolt I i i pivoted to the drum casing extends upward through :thegplate and nuts Iiionthe bolt serve to .adjust the-height of the plate and tighten belt IE3 when desired.

M arverer Marver as is constructed as a disc with a central protuberance I23 which may be given any desired contour. (See Figs. 1, 6 and 8 to 17.)

The marver is mounted upon a shaft I2l journaied'in'a block I22 and having thereon a worm Wheel 3233, which meshes with a worm I24 on a 'shaft'i25'mounted transversely of block I22. On

the end of shaft I 25 there is a grooved pulley I26.

. passesthrough the platform l2? and carries-nuts I30 by which the platform may be adjusted about its pivot 28. A motor I3! mounted on the platform drives a 'grooved pulley I32 connected bye-belt I33 with'the pulley 22: on shaft-IZEi-and sodrives'the-marvering plate about its axis. 7

Beneath block I22 there is a wedging plate I34 providedwith aslideway 585 in which block I22 may slide longitudinally of the'axis of the marver. A bolt I36 fixed in block I22 passes through a bracket l3? on plate 534, and a hand-vvheel I38 on the bolt adjusts the position of the block I22 in slideway l35.

-Wedging plate I3 3 is in turn supported by a plate 133 having a-slideway I46 in which'plate maybe adjusted. The'slide connectionmay "be'rnade' in any suitable way but in the-drawings there is shown a. plate MI bolted to plate I-34and movable in the slideway hit in plate 139. A bolt tliffixed inplate 134 extends through a bracket i ifion plate l and adjusting hand-wheel I44 on bolt Hi2 adjusts plate I34 with respect to plate Plate :39 is sup-ported by a plate I45 and is pivoted thereto at net. The entire marvering apparatus is supported upon the end of anarm I41 which .is pivoted at I 53 to the frame 5!. A rod 4 4-9. is pivoted tothe frame EI at' I09 and passes through alblock I '(see Fig.'25) pivoted at I52 in -a bracket I53 on the arm H 1. An'adjusting hand-wheel Iii i threadedon rod I49 provides for adjusting the marver-supporting arm upward or downward. Thesupporting plate 1% is mounted upon the outer end-I 55 of arm M'I, to slide transversely of the arm by tongue and groove connection 545, similar to the connection between members I34 and !39, but plate'M-5 may be'fixed to plate I55, as explained below.

A starting switch I56 is mounted upon arm I41 in position to be operated by the head IS! on plunger 98.

Mounted on arm It! there is a cylinder I58 provided with a pistc-n which operates piston rod I58 connected by a pivot I86 to a rack It! slidable in plate I55; A stop screw 562 is provided plate I55 and maybe turned by hand-wheel I53 for adiustably stopping the rack 'ISIJ The rack carries a pointer Hit and a scale IE5 is provided .on the plate I55 to readily indicate the point to which the rack ispermitted to bemoved by thecylinder against the stop 552. (See Figs. 15 and 16.)

.A vertical shaft I filis'provided with-a gear I 68 lowered.

which is in mesh with rack I6I and also meshes with a rack I69 arranged at right-angles to rack I6I. Bolt I10 passes through rack I69 and through a slot III in supporting plate I55 and is which slides in a slot I16 in plate I39. A bolt I11 is fastened in block I15 and is provided on its outer end with an adjusting nut I18 and with a lock nut I19 for securing it in adjusted position. In the lower side of block I15 there is a groove I80. A block I8I on the upper end of pin I50 is positioned in groove I80 when the pin is in its upper position.

' As will be seen from Fig. 14, pin I60 may be raised as shown in that figure or may be lowered to lower block I8I out of the groove in block I15. When raised, pin I60 may be held up by a removable cross pin I60.

When desired to lock plates I45 and I55 together, as described below, a removable pin I82 may be inserted in registering holes in plates I45 and I55. (See Fig. 1.)

As will be most readily seen from Fig. 15, there is a pin I83 having a nut I84 sliding in a groove in plate I39 and aligning member I34 with that groove.

Each of pins I83 shown in Fig. 13 operates in the same way. and they slidably secure member I34 to plate I39.

Mold support and operation For the mold there is provided a support I85 mounted on trunnions I88. A link I 81 connects the mold support to the drum. 52 as appears from Fig. 1. Movement of the drum therefore swings the support about trunnions I86. When the support is swung down, it enters a tank I88 which may be provided with water for cooling the mold. (See Figs. 1, 2, 6, and 25 to 32.) For uses when dipping the mold is unnecessary, link I 81 may be I released from the drum and attached by a pin I81 to the drum casing, so as to hold the mold support stationary.

The mold support includes a supporting plate I89 on which there is mounted a hinge pin I90 to which the mold halves are hinged, as shown in Figs. 26 and 27. The plate is provided with blocks I9I which are movable vertically in slidways I92 on the mold support by means of screws When the screws are turned by means of heads I94, the blocks and consequently the hinge supporting plate and mold hinge are raised or (See Fig. 29).

For opening and closin the mold there is promounted upon pivots 2I6.

fulcrumed at 2I I on the frame. Another arm 2I2 on rock shaft 201 is pivoted at 2| 3 to a piston rod 2I4 operated by a cylinder 2I5 which is It will be seen that operation of the piston rod by the cylinder rocks shaft 201 and operates the parts attached thereto.

As indicated at 2 I1, the mold bottom is vertically adjustable on support 208. The mold supporting plate I89 is vertically adjustable by turning screws I93, as described above, and the moldclosing links 202 are connected to the slide I95 through a crosspiece 2I8 on that slide and pins 2I9 at the ends of the crosspiece and on which the links may be vertically adjusted. Preferably the lower ends of screws I93 are provided with sprockets 3I8 connected by a chain 3I9 so that turning one results in turning the other equally.

Take-out As will appear from Figs. 1 and 33 to 35, there is provided a take-out shaft 220 which has atits lower end a, collar 22I provided with pins 222. Links 223 connect pins 222 to a pivot pin 224 through lever 2 I 0.

Shaft 220 is provided with long vertical teeth 225 slidable through a pinion 226 mounted in a bracket 221. Slidable in the bracket and in meshwith the pinion there is a rack 228. A piston rod 229 pivoted at 230 to rack 228 is operated by a cylinder 23I. Just above the mold and near the upper end of the take-out shaft there are two take-out arms 232, each provided with a clamp. A cylinder 234 in the arm is provided with a piston 235 carryin a rigid jaw 236 and a jaw vided a slide I95 movable horizontally in a slideway I 96. A cylinder I91 is provided with a piston rod I98 having thereon a head I 99 in which there is a groove 200. A pin 20I on slide I95 projects into groove 200 when the mold support is in raised position so that the slide may be moved to and fro by movement of the piston. Links 202 from slide I95 are connected to the mold halves and are provided with springs 203 for resiliently closing the mold. Detents 204 are provided for holding slide I95 in either mold opening or mold closing position when it has been moved to such position.

A bottom 205 is provided for the mold and is mounted upon a support 206 which is attached to a rock shaft 201. An arm 208 on the rock shaft 201 is connected by a link 209 with a lever 2I0 231 pivoted to the arm at 238. A spring 239 is provided for normally closing pivoted jaw 231, and the end of jaw 231 is provided with a cam surface 240. A spring 24I is provided for normally retracting the piston when not overcome by pressure within the cylinder, the spring being attached to a pin 242 passing through a slot 243 in the cylinder 234. The jaws 236 and 231 fit into a groove in collar 339 fixed on the blow pipe, so as to prevent relative longitudinal movement of the blow pipe and shaft 220 when the clamp is closed on the collar.

As most clearly seen in Figs. 1 and 32,. shaft 220 is provided with a collar 244 which when raised operates a limit switch 245, whereas the lower ing of the shaft operates a limit switch 248 by means of a lug 244' mounted on shaft 220 below collar 244 (see Figs. 32 and 36) for purposes which will be described later. As will .be most clearly seen from Fig. 28, there is provided a limit switch 241 having an operating arm 24.8 in contact with the lower end of an adjustable plunger 249, normally pressed upward in acylinder 250 by means of a spring 25I. An operating plate 252 pivoted at 253 is adapted to be contacted by a beveled edge 254 on piston head I99 when the piston is retracted.

Cooling air As will most clearly appear from Figs. 1, 7 and 24, there is provided a cooling air box 55 for projecting cooling air upon the parison while it moves from the marver to the mold. This box is provided with slits 256 leading from separate compartments 251 *which are supplied with air from a common supply pipe 258 through valves 259 which may be adjusted to supply to each compartment the amount of air desired.

Blowing air supply As will be seen from Figs. 3 and 4, there is provided adjacent the drum 52 a valve 260 havlnga 126 wi h-wh ch;therezcq e t s aposil eiba l-zt sipre sed y asst-ins. e qh s; beh d; t e. -,p1ue;.in.- th n .l w lzposiswhe l t ismov cltozs c .po ition et evalv M n ed .ra tl e nair s app rat -semen e a in-fi i hp ide .5 91 operab e. ameenspia r re fi-hwhiclea ter ates-snares,r e-pist na eo p site directions. Piston 215, is connected by a rod 218 to piston 279 in cylinder 280. Another pisa 31011 QB! in cylinder 28!! is mounted-ppontheend 2130f; an adillsting-boltmzfil threaded through: the

end-.2283 of cylinder-1528B." The-bolt .ismprovided with ahandleit l for, adjusting pistol-1528 l..tothe desired position. The bolt ishollow-eand; constit utes, a; pipe ;.connected by swivel; joint; 285 :;to a connection-@286 from; which a; pipeg.28'|-. :leads. to pipe -fi 3i, and v the; chuck of ;thei blow pipe. 31A; pipe ;-;3 81.:;:1eads;from the-upper end: of cylinder i2flflz-to join;.pipe;.28l. and delivenair to :pipeg83. The

;-nected iOythG open air through inwardly;openingqychechvalvesyf 3 and 214,..and outwardly l; openingcheckvalves:2l3f and 2.114 in. pipes; 281 nd- 281: respectively; insure, apdoublel pumping actionupon the reciprocationiof piston 219.

end of; cylindervlw when piston vr'fllnriovesz down- ;ward,',-and a check valve 214 admitsairsinto the -ilower endiof .cylinder 2B0 when -pistonr-2;19- moyes ,upwardn;Check-valves 2137 and 2:14? in pipes-.pree ventw-r-returnof aim-from; pipes.: 281,-; or; 281' 1lnto cylinder 280.

,Qpemti n. MMWQW I The operation of-the apparatus'will be de-v;

scribed in connection withFlg; 3t which shows diagrammatically the connection 'of the control -jpartsu '{Ihe' operatipn'of; theapparatus initi- -atedby aswitch l56-mountedonarm M'l-in posi- -i-tionfto be contactedby the head [51- on plunger.

SB when a blow pipe is positioned in the holder, ,;-.-which is;arrangedat an angle so=that the; mem- ---b er l 51 will contact the switch when a blowpipe ie-inserted the holder in thenormal startin position of the machine. ;A mainswitch-289 -;which is manually controlledwi1l :1 ormally; be closed during the automaticoperation oi the apparatus,- but may be employed; to stopthe operation at any time or to energize any;por'ti on"of *the cycle temporarilydur-ing setting up or ad-l justing the apparatus. The-marver turningmotor I3! is constantly energized during the operation of the apparatus and, is controlled only by the mainswitch 289 v and therefore the connections are not indicated on Fig. 36.

Operation ofthe marver device It will be, readily understood that whenthe g blow pipeis inserted in the machineit willhave .;a.,gather;.of glass on itsputer end. positioned-so as to lac-contacted by the marvering plate However, the parts are so adjusted thatthe glass contacts the marvering plate only on the half of that relate {near s tQ.-.-the@ .m .Th ehas mach entler.willhediscessed.late

ed-:- T m se; h s/ 1 9: p qvi dawit a s When-t thepmain switch I' 289;.- iszclos' df. rl -neiciw ner ized nd this;1inc;1eads through: branch 29! to starting switch l56;and;wl1en-;thesw1tch is ;;operat ed by member -151 connection: is.:;made

between branch 29! and aline 292 which leadscto a;- solenoid-op e rated valve 2293.- .A constant-:sup- -p1y"Of air under pressure; ispledyto the-malve i thrgugh a pipe 294 fromzanyysuitable 'sourceiof asupply: -:Wh en the solenoid is-energizedwby= line 1: 2 92 the: valve opens communication gbetweens-pipe 294, and pipe -295-which leads through a :control valve--296-to cylinder I58 which-operatesrrthe marverin device. Valves similar to, 29,6 areprovided;for controlling and :timing: the, speedi'of operation of the various air cylinders and-irmay be adjusted; in a Well-known ;way to:;eontrol -.the

speed of operation of the cylindersqandmeed-not ;;;be;mentioned in'connection with theifothen cylfin e s a d p pe l n s- 1; Wi l.- *re drnnderstood, that the :marver rcarry ing armld'l is adjusted by hand-whee?! so as to bring the marveringplate-at theproper height with respect tothe blow-gpipe. supporting member I 22- and plates" 1:34 :and- 39;;fas

has been 1 described, 7 are obviously; ad jnstablelito move the marver in all directions-horizontally,

. and maybe adjusted by-wheel-l38- to bring the marvering plate nearer-to orfarther from ;the

axis of the blow pipe and also canbeadjustied by wheel I44 longitudinally of the blowepipe-so thatecontact will be made exactly'whereidesired. 1 The marver support is constructedtopperate: in

two different ways. In one of-these waysi-the marver support is swung so as to oscillate the outer edge-ofthe supporting'plate". l39 towards and from the axis of the blow pipe. In, the other way the entire plate is moved rectilinearly towards and from the axis; of the blow pipe.

"When bolt no is removed and rack lGQisUdisconnected from plate I 45, that platemay be fixed in; position on plate 155 by pin I82, blocklBlis raised and link I13 removed, as shown'in Figrll.

Thereupon the operation of the piston in cylinder l5 moves the connecting pin I60 in thie'blo'ck I8! and swingsplate I39 about pivot Mficonnecting itto stationary mems; 'The'length of ,the stroke is adjusted in accordance with the positipn indicated by pointer 164- on scale L65; as

; s hown inFig. 16; Block [8| moves-in slideway I80, and adjustment 0f b10,ck.|15 bypnut l18"adjusts the position of plate139paboutpivot15l6.

, When it is desiredto move the entire marvering plate rectilinearly to hand from the. axisjof the blowmpipe, plate,l45 is freed from-supportv ing, plate 155 by removal of pin 182,- and plates .I45 and I39, are linked together by link|'l3. -:B.olt

I10 is then inserted and connectsyrack--169 with -p1ate l45 and block-I81 is lowered-mas in Figs.

11,;12 and-"13. Thereupon-the movementgot-ithe piston rod I59 moves rack 46-! andmrota-tes; gear 168 and through the upward -e'xtensionofsthat gear moves rack I69 and the connected: plates I45 and I39 towards and from the-axis of the blow pipe.

' It will be seen that in this way themarvering action can be exerted on the'entire length of the glass on the blowv pipe evenly, orjafter. the initial on a t t e pl e m y be swung sd stqmnint the gather of glassk Also, by,adiustingthelength and speed of the stroke, the extent to which-either of hese operations is-carried is readil adjusted .to suit the characteristics ,desineding theigather for making; ;the particular typeonglassware for s ea s epn rat sie e ediusted- 

